White mater 4. Neurons are the primary type of cell that most anyone associates with the nervous system. Together this gives us the various types of epithelial tissues, such as simple squamous epithelium, stratified cuboidal epithelium, pseudostratified columnar epithelium and many more. Most substances that cross the wall of a blood vessel into the CNS must do so through an active transport process. Histology of Nervous TissueNervous system ppt #2. as white matter? While their origin is not conclusively determined, their function is related to what macrophages do in the rest of the body. Ongoing research pursues an expanded role that glial cells might play in signaling, but neurons are still considered the basis of this function. Click on the white box with the question mark on it 4. The spinal cord contains a butterfly-shaped area of grey matter surrounded by an outer layer of white matter. The cytoplasm contains specialized subunits called organelles which work like little organs. thyroid, ovaries, suprarenal) and individual hormone-secreting cells found in many organs of the body (e.g. Examine the cross section of the lumbar spinal cord in slide 065-2. Thompson, Ph.D. Histology of Nervous Tissue Despite the complexity of organization, there are only two functional cell . They have rectangular bodies and many dendrite like projections stemming from their shorter sides. A key difference between myelin and the insulation on a wire is that there are gaps in the myelin covering of an axon. Supporting cells dont get as much credit as neurons in popular culture; but did you know that glial cells make up at least 80% of nervous tissue? It also helps us understand the relationship between structure and function. Histology is the science of the microscopic structure of cells, tissues and organs. They are electrically active and release chemical signals to target cells. The ECM of nervous tissue is rich in ground substance, with little to no protein fibers. Lymph nodes are distributed along lymphatic vessels, filtering lymph as it passes through. The cardiovascular system consists of the heart and blood vessels (arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins). These layers of myelin are many times thicker than the diameters of the axons. It will also benefit the publication of several new topics (Hematology, Pathogen ID, and Gross Anatomy). The cell body contains the nucleus and most of the major organelles. The neuron is the structural and functional/electrically excitable unit of the nervous system Nervous system The nervous system is a small and complex system that consists of an intricate network of neural cells (or neurons) and even more glial cells (for support and insulation). In general, where in the brain can grey matter be found? By examining a thin slice of bone tissue under a microscope, colorized with special staining techniques, you see that these seemingly simple bones are actually a complex microworld containing an array of structures with various different functions. The testes produce male gametes (spermatozoa) via the process of spermatogenesis. Basic nervous tissue staining mechanisms and classification of nervous tissue elements will be discussed. Be able to identify tissues in the nervous system (nerves, cell bodies and ganglia, and white vs. gray matter in the spinal cord, cerebellum, and cerebrum). When macrophages encounter diseased or damaged cells in the rest of the body, they ingest and digest those cells or the pathogens that cause disease. There are two types of EM: transmission electron microscopy, which requires very thin sections of tissue, and scanning electron microscopy, which uses larger pieces of tissue and produces 3-dimensional images. The renal corpuscle contains the glomerulus, a tuft of fenestrated capillaries which creates an ultrafiltrate of blood. For Schwann cells, the outermost layer of the cell membrane contains cytoplasm and the nucleus of the cell as a bulge on one side of the myelin sheath. There are 6 classically recognized layers of the cortex: Pyramidal cells in layers III and V tend to be larger because their axons contribute to efferent projections that extend to other regions of the CNS pyramidal neurons in layer V of motor cortices send projections all the way down to motor neurons in the spinal cord! Some sources describe a fourth type of neuron, called an anaxonic neuron. NERVOUS TISSUE Nervous tissue consists of two groups of cell types: Nerve cells (Neurons) Neuroglia. 3. PPT - Histology of Nervous Tissue PowerPoint Presentation, free Read more. The tissue is sectioned thinly enough so that light can pass through it. PPT - Histology (Tissues) PowerPoint Presentation, free download - ID Epithelial cells form two important histological structures within the brain; the blood-brain barrier and the choroid plexus. Grey matter is composed mainly of unmyelinated cell bodies and dendrites, and appears grey in color. Lastly, the specimen is stained with hematoxylin and eosin dyes. Examine the gray matter on each side of the sulcus using first low and then high power. A few other processes provide the same insulation for other axon segments in the area. Typically one or more sulci (infoldings) will extend inward from one edge of the section. Slide NP004N hippocampal region, coronal section, luxol blue View Virtual SlideSlide 13270astrocytes,Gold-stainingView Virtual Slide. Neurons can also be classified on the basis of where they are found, who found them, what they do, or even what chemicals they use to communicate with each other. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Afferent, efferent, visceral and more. Histology Special Stains: Nervous Tissue - LabCE Most of the nuclei visible in the granular layer belong to very small neurons, granule cells, which participate in the extensive intercommunication involved in the cerebellums role in balance and coordination. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. Astrocytes in the CNS provide metabolic support for neurons and play an important role in maintaining the blood-brain barrier (see slide 13270 astrocytes View Virtual Slide). In this article, we will introduce you to the microscopic world of histology. Pia mater 2. 5,000+ Histology PPTs View free & download | PowerShow.com During development, the glial cell is loosely or incompletely wrapped around the axon (Figure 6). Tissues are routinely visualised using microscopy. Thus are essential for maintaining homeostasis of the body. The CNS contains the brain and spinal cord. Peripheral ganglia are clusters of nerve cell bodies surrounded by a dense connective tissue capsule. Interstitial cells produce testosterone, a hormone that regulates spermatogenesis. They include hair follicles, skin glands and nails. All cells are enveloped by a semipermeable two-layered membrane, which serves as a dynamic medium for the cells interaction with the external environment. Name the part of the central nervous system that isdisplayed in this tissue section. Spleen and lymph node histology shows an encapsulated meshwork of fibres, in which immune system cells sit. Nervous tissue (Histology) - SlideShare Astrocytes - Technically, the junctions between endothelial cells constitute the actual "barrier." The endocrine system is divided into major endocrine glands (e.g. Alveoli are the primary site of gas exchange. Histology of Nervous Tissue - PowerPoint PPT Presentation - PowerShow The layers of the blood-air barrier comprise of type I pneumocytes, basement membrane and endothelial cells of the capillaries. Specialized connective tissue includes the blood, reticular, cartilage, bone and adipose tissue. Neurons in the dorsal horn are essentially interneurons that project to other regions of the CNS (e.g. Glial cells, or neuroglia or simply glia, are the other type of cell found in nervous tissue. Therefore, the purkinje cell somewhat resembles a shrub or coral in shape. The four main types of stains used in histology are empirical, histochemical, enzyme histochemical and immunohistochemical. Movement on one side of the body is often controlled by nerve impulses originating on the opposite side of the brain. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education. This is why doctors must take extra caution when prescribing medication to these people. Most of the respiratory tract is lined by respiratory mucosa; a pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium with mucus producing goblet cells. Myelin, however, is more than just the membrane of the glial cell. Correct answer 1. For example, the simple columnar epithelium of the stomach fundus contains special parietal cells which secrete HCl to break down meat proteins. Using the standard model of neurons, one of these processes is the axon, and the rest are dendrites. I love Histology! Nervous tissue is made up of just 2 types of cells: Neurons. You may see small calcific bodies in part of the hippocampus, which occur as a normal part of the aging process. ("3" in the orientation figure) a molecular layer containing dendrites of the pyramidal cells. This accounts for the name, based on their appearance under the microscope. 1:00 - 1:50 Nervous Tissue ppt | pdf | lecture recording (for both hours) 2:05 - 2:55 Connective Tissue ppt | pdf. This Power point presentation will allow students to practice the skill of identifying tissue types from 25 histology slides. It is this myelin, a lipid-rich sheath covering axons, that causes white matter to be lighter in color than grey matter. Histologically, although there are a few exceptions, endocrine cells generally have an epithelial origin. Neurons (Nerve cell bodies) 5 6 5. Thus, in the 'white matter' of the brain and spinal cord, myelinated axons are the predominant neuronal cell component and most of the the nuclei that you see in white matter are primarily of glial cells. True unipolar cells are only found in invertebrate animals, so the unipolar cells in humans are more appropriately called pseudo-unipolar cells. Want to create or adapt books like this? Later in this sequence, you will learn how the hippocampus and dentate gyrus function in what is known as the "limbic system" to integrate inputs from many parts of the nervous system into complicated behaviors such as learning, memory, and social interaction. Some well-known lymphatic nodules include; the tonsils, Peyers patches and vermiform appendix. Our engaging videos, interactive quizzes, in-depth articles and HD atlas are here to get you top results faster. Body tissues are collections of cells, grouped in the body according to structure and function. Other blotting techniques include Southern blot, Western blot, Far-Western blot, Southwestern blot, Eastern blot, Far-Eastern blot, Northern blot, Reverse Northern blot and Dot blot. While this barrier protects the CNS from exposure to toxic or pathogenic substances, it also keeps out the cells that could protect the brain and spinal cord from disease and damage. At a microscopic level, a nephron consists of a renal corpuscle and a series of tubules. The name glia comes from the Greek word that means glue, and was coined by the German pathologist Rudolph Virchow, who wrote in 1856: This connective substance, which is in the brain, the spinal cord, and the special sense nerves, is a kind of glue (neuroglia) in which the nervous elements are planted. Today, research into nervous tissue has shown that there are many deeper roles that these cells play. PPTX Histology of Nervous Tissue Nervous system ppt #2 - Liberty Union High It consists of internal genitalia (vagina, uterus, uterine tubes, ovaries) and external genitalia or vulva (mons pubis, labia majora and minora, clitoris, vestibule, vestibular bulb and glands). As the name implies, the cell body is shaped somewhat like a pyramid, with a large, branching dendrite extending from the apex of the pyramid toward the cortical surface, and with an axon extending downward from the base of the pyramid. Calcific bodies are present in the choroid plexus, another common site of accumulation as the years pass. Reading time: 28 minutes. Together these organs provide the ability of reproduction and sexual intercourse. In the above image, we can observe only the relatively large, triangular-shaped cell bodies of the pyramidal cells with clearly visible nuclei, parts of the dendrites, and the beginnings of axons. The accessory genital glands include the prostate, seminal vesicles and bulbourethral glands. On a longitudinal section, cardiomyocytes appear branched, joined together by specialized junctions called intercalated discs which allow them to quickly exchange electrical impulses and work as a syncytium. With the exception of the unipolar sensory ganglion cells, and the two specific bipolar cells mentioned above, all other neurons are multipolar. The nervous system can be organized in several different ways. Describe the organization and understand some of the basic functions of regions of the: Observe the 3-layered organization of the, Outer plexiform (molecular) layer: sparse neurons and glia, Outer granular layer: small pyramidal and stellate neurons, Outer pyramidal layer: moderate sized pyramidal neurons (should be able to see these in either, Inner granular layer: densely packed stellate neurons (usually the numerous processes arent visible, but there are lots of nuclei reflecting the cell density), Ganglionic orinner pyramidal layer: large pyramidal neurons (should be able to see these in either, Multiform cell layer: mixture of small pyramidal and stellate neurons. Then, get ready to test your knowledge! Some ways in which they support neurons in the central nervous system are by maintaining the concentration of chemicals in the extracellular space, removing excess signaling molecules, reacting to tissue damage, and contributing to the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Because information flows through the neuron from dendrites or cell bodies toward the axon, these names are based on the neurons polarity (Figure 2). - PowerPoint PPT presentation Number of Views: 793 Avg rating:3.0/5.0 Slides: 13 Provided by: RachelA156 Category: One could say that the masters of the endocrine glands are the hypophysis (pituitary gland) and hypothalamus, since they regulate all other endocrine organs by way of homeostatic feedback mechanism.