Year should not be greater than current year. Partial power was eventually restored to the starboard turbine, which allowed speed to be increased to 14 knots (26km/h; 16mph). In June 1794, he was promoted to Major and appointed as a staff officer at the Hanoverian headquarters. Christian J Scharnhorst was born on month day 1834, at birth place, to Christian Scharnhorst and Dorothy Scharnhorst (born Krager). This is a carousel with slides. [20] Clausewitz provides a clear description of his mentors approach: Diffuseness was therefore never in evidence in his written work, for he kept correcting and revising his text until his exceptionally precise mind was entirely satisfied and not one word seemed out of place.[21] Neither did Scharnhorst make use of the vivid metaphors for which his student became famous. Failed to delete memorial. The 15 Halifaxes attacked Scharnhorst at her moorings. ). Oops, some error occurred while uploading your photo(s). Gneisenau was hit twice in the opening portion of the engagement, and one shell disabled her rear gun turret. How uncertain and fearful they are in undertaking something the circumstances require, but they have never encountered in the span of their life. On 22 February, the pair spotted an empty convoy sailing west, which dispersed at the appearance of the battleships. They entered the Channel an hour later; the three ships sped at 27 knots (50km/h; 31mph), hugging the French coast along the voyage. By 08:00, Scharnhorst had reached the Jade Bight but ice prevented the ship from entering Wilhelmshaven. Repair work lasted until July, which caused the ship to be unavailable during Operation Rheinbung, the sortie by the new battleship Bismarck in May 1941. Johann HeinrichDietrich Friedrich Scharnhorst married Dorothea Wiggers and had 7 children. As Acasta sank, one of the 4 torpedoes she had fired hit Scharnhorst at 19:39. Abenteuer eines deutschen Knaben in Amerika Erstdruck: Hannover 1863 Vollstandige Neuausgab. The so-called "Channel Dash", codenamed Operation Cerberus, would avoid the increasingly effective Allied radar and patrol aircraft in the Atlantic. At 19:45, the ship went down by the bow, with her propellers still slowly turning. Scharnhorst lacked pedigree, and with his massive head and sturdy body looked nothing like the dashing aristocratic officers who still dominated the Prussian Army. When the king finally switched sides in the spring of 1813, Scharnhorst swiftly unfolded the plans for mass mobilization prepared by his circle. [48][49], Scharnhorst did not make the voyage unscathed, however; at 15:31 she struck an air-dropped magnetic mine in the mouth of the Scheldt, abreast of the forward superfiring turret. Prussia was still in the midst of its decade of neutrality, when after the Peace of Basel in 1795 it observed from a safer distance the continuing Revolutionary Wars and the rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. [62], On 22 December Dnitz ordered Bey to be ready to go to sea on a three-hour notice. The ship reached Brest later that day and went into dry dock for repairs, which took 4 months. In the classroom, Scharnhorst emphasized the need for young military professionals to develop their abilities, based on solid education and independent thinking, to face complex and unexpected problems. Heavy seas and the high speed with which the pair of battleships escaped caused them to ship large amounts of water forward. Just like Clausewitz later, Scharnhorst wished more than anything to assume command. The German warships were protected by poor visibility, however, and the three ships safely reached port later that day. HMS Jamaica var en ltt kryssare av Fiji-klass i Royal Navy som frdigstlldes under andra vrldskriget.Hon var uppkallad efter den brittiska kolonin Jamaica.Fartyget tillbringade nstan hela sin krigskarrir i arktiska konvojer, med undantag fr en insats sderut fr landstigningarna i Nordafrika i november 1942. [16] Between 18 February and 20 February, she participated in Operation Nordmark, a brief sortie into the North Sea as far as the Shetland Islands. A U-boat reported the convoy's location at 09:00 on 25 December, and Dnitz ordered Scharnhorst into action. [22] The Germans then launched their Arado 196 float planes to search for more Allied vessels. There she joined Gneisenau, in preparation for Operation Berlin, a planned raid into the Atlantic Ocean designed to wreak havoc on the Allied shipping lanes. Learn more about managing a memorial . 35 Squadron RAF and No. Bruce Gudmundsson. On the contrary, the Prussian military reformers worked to institutionalize the general staff and establish it as a dynamic and assertive entity. 1799/1800 (11./12. Extensive damage from shellfire and torpedoes is evident; the bow was blown off, presumably from a magazine explosion in the forward turrets, and lies in a tangled mass of steel some distance from the rest of the hull. Are you sure that you want to remove this flower? [54] During the operation, Scharnhorst destroyed a battery of two 76mm (3.0in) guns and shelled fuel tanks, coal mines, harbor facilities, and military installations. Gerhard had 4 siblings: Johann Friedrich Scharnhorst and 3 other siblings. cemeteries found within miles of your location will be saved to your photo volunteer list. A Discussion of the Main Reasons for the French Successes in the Revolutionary Wars and Especially in the Campaign of 1794, perhaps his most famous and consequential treatise from 1797, is merely forty pages long, for example. You can customize the cemeteries you volunteer for by selecting or deselecting below. Oops, something didn't work. Friedrich calls Lansing, MILansing, MI Her main battery turrets had 360mm (14in) of armor on their faces and 200mm (7.9in) on their sides. 1 (2018): 33-44. 1804 it was first found in the archives and published in Rudolf Stadelmann, Scharnhorst: Schicksal und Geistige Welt (Wiesbaden: Limes Verlag, 1952), 155-156. Becoming a Find a Grave member is fast, easy and FREE. At 16:00 on 14 March, Scharnhorst dropped anchor in Bogen Bay outside Narvik. Learn more about merges. The blast also damaged the fuel oil pumps and the bearings in the turbo-generators, which brought the ship to a halt. The blast damaged the ship's circuit breakers and knocked out her electrical system for 20minutes. This account already exists, but the email address still needs to be confirmed. Marie von Clausewitz wrote in 1832 about the relationship between her husband and his mentor, stating: He was close to despair, and probably would have given up on the hard endeavor, if it wasnt [for] Scharnhorst, who encouraged him with his unique kindness and benevolence and at the same time through his enlightened teaching woke up and developed all the seeds of his mental resources. [45], At 23:00 on 11 February, Scharnhorst, Gneisenau, and Prinz Eugen left Brest. Unlike his more famous student Clausewitz, he preferred composing short essays and often sought to publish them quickly as a way to engage in ongoing debates. [32], On 6 February, the two ships refueled from the tanker Schlettstadt south of Cape Farewell. Sorry! MDHHS-InspectorGeneral@michigan.gov. While Scharnhorst was en route under heavy escort on 21 June, the British launched two air attacks, six Swordfish torpedo bombers in the first and nine Beaufort bombers in the second. The veteran commander often acted as an instructor to his officers; he inspired them, befriended them, and showed them kindness. The destroyers Scorpion and HNoMSStord launched a total of eight torpedoes at 18:50, four of which hit. During the repair process, the aircraft catapult that had been installed on the rear gun turret was removed. [14] Trevor N. Dupuy, A Genius For War: The German Army And General Staff, 18071945 (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1977),24. Later on, the veteran soldiers were sent permanently home as reserves and called for annual training only, while the younger ones assumed regular service. [21], At 17:45, the German battleships spotted the British aircraft carrier Glorious and two escorting destroyers, Ardent and Acasta, at a range of some 40,000m (44,000yd; 25mi). The wreck was positively identified by an ROV on 10 September, which located armament consistent with that of Scharnhorst. 1255/56 (Jahreswechsel Juli) thiopischer Kalender. Please enter a valid Memorial ID. A rather peculiar capital ship, Scharnhorst in World of Warships is officially a battleship, but frequently plays more like a battlecruiser. Hannahwas born in February 1840, in Germany. The intention was to deploy the vessels to Norway to interdict Allied convoys to the Soviet Union. Scharnhorst believed that carefully selected and superbly prepared staff officers, especially when the Prussian Army lacked a leader to rival Napoleons operational genius and charisma, could provide invaluable advice to their commanders, keep them from committing grave mistakes, and enhance the conduct of armies on the battlefield. Try again later. This browser does not support getting your location. Florence was born on February 21 1895, in Illinois, USA. The next spring, Scharnhorst moved to Berlin. [56] The destroyers landed some 1,000 troops, which pushed the Norwegian garrison into the mountains, completing the mission without major loss. Bernd von Arnim, Paul Jakobi, Friedrich Eckoldt, Erich Steinbrinck, Diether von Roeder and Max Schulz. Friedrich G Sauer from Lansing, MI. [64] The battleship was hit twice by 20.3cm (8in) shells; the first failed to explode and caused negligible damage, but the second struck the forward rangefinders and destroyed the radar antenna. Scharnhorst, however, did not live to see the fruits of his efforts. [20] Original title Entwickelung der allgemeinen Ursachen des Glcks der Franzosen in dem Revolutionskriege, und insbesondere in den Feldzgen von 1794. You can find its modern German version for instance in Gerhard von Scharnhorst, Ausgewhlte Schriften, edited by Ursula von Gersdorff Osnabrck: Biblio Verlag, 1983), 47-110. The few instances of this personal experience now become the yardstick, and all similar occurrences are judged according to them, even if the circumstances and the results are marked by a greater diversity. We encourage you to research and examine these records to determine their accuracy. You may not upload any more photos to this memorial, This photo was not uploaded because this memorial already has 20 photos, This photo was not uploaded because you have already uploaded 5 photos to this memorial, This photo was not uploaded because this memorial already has 30 photos, This photo was not uploaded because you have already uploaded 15 photos to this memorial. Johann was born on July 23 1748, in Bordenau, Hannover, Preussen, Germany. This account has been disabled. View Full Report . There was a problem getting your location. They had 8 children: Henry F Scharnhorst, Wilhelmina or Minnie Gnuse (born Scharnhorst)and 6 other children. Shortly before 12:25, Scharnhorst hit Norfolk twice with 28cm shells. While waiting outside the port, Admiral Ciliax returned to the ship. After a day of steaming west, the ships turned south and rendezvoused with Admiral Hipper on 12 April. Such an officer might even present a danger to the organization and the commander he was assigned to support. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1977. [51] The shock damaged the rotating parts of all of the ship's gun turrets, and three of the 15cm turrets were seriously jammed. To view a photo in more detail or edit captions for photos you added, click the photo to open the photo viewer. She was 234.9m (770ft 8in) long overall and had a beam of 30m (98ft 5in) and a maximum draft of 9.9m (32ft 6in). At 17:30, shells struck the forward 15cm gun turrets and destroyed them both. [57] On 22 September, a pair of British X-craft mini-submarines attacked and seriously damaged Tirpitz,[58] which reduced the Arctic Task Force to Scharnhorst and her five escorting destroyers. Quickly see who the memorial is for and when they lived and died and where they are buried. [76] Of the crew of 1,968 officers and enlisted men, only 36 men survived. Are you adding a grave photo that will fulfill this request? [7][77] The ship sank in approximately 290m (950ft) of water. It also exploded on the armored deck and tore a small hole in it. The subjects had to become citizens of the state and this new political reality, eager to defend that state. We will review the memorials and decide if they should be merged. On the contrary, a badly prepared oneespecially a badly prepared staff officerwas an insecure actor relying on his limited experience alone. Two of the three turbines were jammed, and the third had to be turned off. In early February, minesweepers swept a route through the English Channel undetected by the British. [36], After repairs were completed in July, Scharnhorst went to La Pallice for trials on the 21st, where she easily steamed at 30 knots (56km/h; 35mph). [71], At around 18:00, another 14in shell struck the ship on the starboard side, passed through the thin upper belt armor, and exploded in the number 1 boiler room. With a clear aspiration of becoming an officer, in 1773, at age 17, Scharnhorst entered the school located in Fortress Wilhlemstein.[3]. Which memorial do you think is a duplicate of Friedrich Scharnhorst (35136105)? [17] Friedrich Wilhelm agonized for weeks but decided to throw all the nations weight and energy behind the anti-Napoleonic coalition. The forward and rear gun turrets were temporarily disabled, along with half of her anti-aircraft battery. [20] On 7 June, the squadron rendezvoused with the tanker Dithmarschen to refuel Admiral Hipper and the four destroyers. 1 (2018): 38. He died on 7 April 1991, in Buchholz (Aller), Soltau-Fallingbostel, Niedersachsen, Germany, at the age of 88. [1] But this is far from a comprehensive representation of an intellect that played such a crucial role in the modern philosophy of war. Estorff recognized Scharnhorsts talents and appointed the young officer as an instructor at the regimental school he had created in 1770. Preliminary repairs were completed by 20 June, which permitted the ship to return to Germany. [45] By 13:00, the ships had cleared the Strait of Dover; half an hour later, a flight of six Swordfish torpedo bombers, with Spitfire escort, attacked the Germans. [27][28] Acasta also hit Scharnhorst's forward superfiring turret with her 4.7" QF guns, which did negligible damage. In 1800, he accepted Friedrich Wilhelm IIIs offer of elevation to the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel and ennoblement. General Gerhard von Scharnhorst: Mentor of Clausewitz and Father of the Prussian-German General Staff. Canadian Defense Forces Publication. In 1808, Prince August became the head of the Prussian artillery and together with Scharnhorst worked on reorganizing and modernizing the branch. 1807 in anderen Kalendern. Among Scharnhorsts collected works, amounting to eight volumes in German, there are numerous essays covering his most important ideas. When the French Revolution shook Europe in 1789 and the subsequent First Revolutionary War (1792-1795) thrust the continent into twenty-three years of bloodshed, Scharnhorst had the fame of a great expert. The Halifax heavy bombers of No. The number of 2cm guns was eventually increased to thirty-eight. They would, perhaps, never dare an audacious thought because no similar case from history, crowned with success, gives them the necessary confidence. The third 454kg bomb hit aft of the rear 28cm turret, about 3m (9.8ft) from the side of the ship. She was the lead ship of her class, which included her sister ship Gneisenau. Friedrich Scharnhorst (1734 - 1803) How do we create a person's profile? Please check your email and click on the link to activate your account. Friedrichmarried Hannah F Scharnhorst (born Schnelle)on month day1859, at age 27 at marriage place, Illinois. Scharnhorst harbored a deep conviction that education and knowledge could empower officers and help them navigate a complex field. The German force quickly fled north before using inclement weather to make the dash south through the North Sea. Half an hour later, Scharnhorst's loudspeakers called the crew to battle stations in preparation for the attack. Captain Otto Ciliax , Captain of the German battleship 'Scharnhorst', carries out an inspection of the crew, circa 1939. The curriculum at the military academy, as Bruce Gudmundsson writes in his article on Scharnhorsts education, thus centered on defense and siegecraft. Continuing with this request will add an alert to the cemetery page and any new volunteers will have the opportunity to fulfill your request. The water was quickly drained from turret Bruno's magazine. Napoleon Bonaparte errichtet das Herzogtum Warschau . The British carried out a series of attacks that were all unsuccessful; Scharnhorst's anti-aircraft guns were red-hot by the end of the action, and one 20mm gun had burst from the strain. An officer with extraordinary talents and intellect, and an even more remarkable fate, Scharnhorst forever changed the path of the Prussian Army, molded the idea of the Prusso-German General Staff, and forged some of the most influential concepts in the realm of military theory and practice. Also known as: Mr Friedrich G Sauer, Mr Friedrich Sauer. Becke Margarethe Gloistein (geb. In early 1813, with Napoleons return to Central Europe and the Tsars troops in hot pursuit, Prussia faced a perilous choice. 23 . Christian was born in 1808, in Hannover, Hannover, Niedersachsen, Deutschland. Admiral Burnett, commanding the three cruisers Norfolk, Belfast, and Sheffield escorting Convoy JW 55B, placed his ships between the convoy and Scharnhorst's expected direction of attack. Oops, we were unable to send the email. [32] Scharnhorst managed to sink only one ship during the encounter, the 6000 ton tanker Lustrous. No animated GIFs, photos with additional graphics (borders, embellishments. For memorials with more than one photo, additional photos will appear here or on the photos tab. Almost nothing of his extensive literary estate is translated into English, however. [15] Scharnhorst was repaired in Wilhelmshaven, and while in dock, her boilers were overhauled. In addition to Clausewitz, the group also included August Neidhardt von Gneisenau, Hermann von Boyen, Karl von Grolman, Karl von Tiedemann, and Prince August.[13]. The power outage disabled the emergency shut-off switches to the boilers and turbines, which could not be turned off until power was restored. [4] Bruce Gudmundsson, The Education of the Enlightened Soldier, MCU Journal Vol. A severe storm off Bergen forced the destroyers to seek shelter but Scharnhorst was able to continue on at the reduced speed of 17 knots (31km/h; 20mph). The conning tower was protected with 350mm on the sides. Even in this moment of professional triumph, Scharnhorst had to swallow a bitter pill. The underwater survey vessel Sverdrup II, operated by the Norwegian Defence Research Establishment, was used to scan the sea floor. You can always change this later in your Account settings. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 199), 85-108. [35] Throughout the operation, Scharnhorst had difficulties with the superheater tubes in her boilers. We collect and match historical records that Ancestry users have contributed to their family trees to create each person's profile. A rather peculiar capital ship, Scharnhorst in World of Warships is officially a battleship, but frequently plays more like a battlecruiser. An email has been sent to the person who requested the photo informing them that you have fulfilled their request, There is an open photo request for this memorial. And it might have been less innovative than previously assumed: Count William gave his cadets a great deal of practice in solving well-defined problems in a creative, systematic, and methodical way but few, if any, tasks that fostered their ability to act quickly and decisively in novel, ambiguous circumstances.[4] Beyond his ideas, Count Williams personality had, perhaps, the greatest influence over Scharnhorst. Only 36 men survived, out of a crew of 1,968. and trans. Without Gerhard von Scharnhorst, it is unlikely there would be a Carl von Clausewitz. Friedrich Hugo Scharnhorst . [64], An hour after making the turn, Bey deployed his destroyers in a line screening Scharnhorst, which remained 10nmi (19km; 12mi) behind. Weve updated the security on the site. His new commander was another extraordinary man, Emmerich von Estorff. After several more torpedo hits, Scharnhorst settled further into the water and began to list to starboard. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/35136105/friedrich-fritz-scharnhorst. By December, only two of the three shafts were operational and a complete overhaul of the propulsion system was required. Header Image: Portrait of General Gerhard Johann David von Scharnhorst painted by the Circle of Friedrich Bury (Wikimedia). Please enable JavaScript in your browser's settings to use this part of Geni. We have set your language to 1807. Gerhard Wilhelm Scharnhorst was born on month day 1768, at birth place, to Johann Friedrich Scharnhorst and Catharina Elisabeth Scharnhorst (born Lueders). Scharnhorst sank two ships. The next day, the British trawler HMTJuniper was discovered and sunk, along with the oil tanker Oil Pioneer. The most famous act of the turbulent era, the Oktoberedikt from 1807, aimed at overhauling the ineffective and backward Prussian agrarian system and releasing the economic and patriotic energies of its subjects. Family inheritance and improvement in social status allowed Scharnhorsts parents to dream big for their son, though. [18] Half an hour later, Scharnhorst's navigator spotted gun flashes from Renown firing at Gneisenau;[13] the Germans returned fire three minutes later. This memorial has been copied to your clipboard. The five Kaiser Friedrich III -class ships set the standard for later German pre-dreadnought battleships: they carried smaller main guns than their foreign contemporaries, but a heavier secondary battery. Scharnhorst's forward turret was put out of action by severe flooding. Resend Activation Email, Please check the I'm not a robot checkbox, If you want to be a Photo Volunteer you must enter a ZIP Code or select your location on the map. As a result, she went back to the dockyard for extensive modification of the bow. Save to an Ancestry Tree, a virtual cemetery, your clipboard for pasting or Print. The two ships then turned west for 24hours while temporary repairs were effected. [47] The fighters flew at masthead-height to avoid detection by the British radar network. At 07:03, Scharnhorst was some 40 nautical miles (74 kilometres; 46 miles) southwest of Bear Island when she made a turn that would put her in position to attack the convoy at 10:00. We encourage you to research and examine these records to determine their accuracy. On the Life and Character of Scharnhorst. Historical and Political Writings, ed. [3] Next to Whites The Enlightened Soldier: Scharnhorst and the Militarische Gesellschaft in Berlin, 1801-1805, in English you can read more on Scharnhorsts life in Michael Schoy, General Gerhard von Scharnhorst: Mentor of Clausewitz and Father of the Prussian-German General Staff, Canadian Defense Forces Publication. Friedrich Wilhelm IIIs offer of elevation to the cemetery page and any new volunteers will have the opportunity to your... A virtual cemetery, your clipboard for pasting or Print ] [ 77 ] the fighters flew at to! Photo that will fulfill this request had been installed on the rear gun turrets temporarily. Increased to thirty-eight among Scharnhorsts collected works, amounting to eight volumes in German, are... In 1770 Scharnhorst at 19:39 the two ships then turned west for 24hours while repairs., click the photo to open the photo viewer it as a staff officer the. 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