[165] The real GDP (PPP) per capita growth at the time was 2.5% and the employment went up by 3.4% to 962,400. [83], In 2729 BC, according do Dio Cassius, Pliny and Ptolemy, the region "Segetike" was attacked by Crassus, which is assumed to be Serdica, or the city of the Serdi. This process will consider behavior and such other objective factors as are available and relevant when assessing an individual's institutional security needs. The assembly members are chosen every four years. Avian Remains from an Early Neolithic Settlement of Slatina (Present Sofia City, Bulgaria). [45] The snowiest recorded winter was 1995/1996 with a total snowfall of 171cm (67.3in). The data generated through the classification process can also be used for operational, management, and planning purposes. Vitosha mountain is a popular hiking destination due to its proximity and ease of access via car and public transport. From 1018-1094, Sredets was under Byzantine rule, but remained an important strategic, economic, and cultural center. Sofia's geographic location, in the foothills of the weekend retreat Vitosha mountain, further adds to the city's specific atmosphere. Incarcerated individual behavior at Level 1 is expected to be rule compliant and pro-social and Level 1 individuals are eligible for admission to Reintegration Units. The National Opera and Ballet of Bulgaria is a combined opera and ballet collective established in 1891. The city is ranked 62nd among financial centres worldwide. [100], In 1382/1383 or 1385, Sredets was seized by the Ottoman Empire in the course of the Bulgarian-Ottoman Wars by Lala ahin Pasha, following a three-month siege. A guide "developed to enhance the leadership skills, knowledge, and capabilities of jail administrators on issues of basic jail administration" is presented (p. v). Virtually the entire city (900,000 households and 5,900 companies) is centrally heated, using residual heat from electricity generation (3,000 MW) and gas- and oil-fired heating furnaces; total heat capacity is 4,640 MW. This page was last edited on 18 January 2023, at 15:42. Sofia is a regional IT hub, ranking second among the Top 10 fastest growing tech centers in Europe in terms of annual growth of active members. The city was destroyed in the 447 invasion of the Huns and laid in ruins for a century[80] It was rebuilt by Byzantine Emperor Justinian I. [69][70] As a result, air pollution levels in Sofia are some of the highest in Europe. A notable local basketball team is twice European Champions Cup finalist Lukoil Akademik. In the 13th and 14th centuries Sredets was an important spiritual and literary hub with a cluster of 14 monasteries in its vicinity, that were eventually destroyed by the Ottomans. : +359 885 921 620 E-mail:chitalnyata@gmail.com. Borisov Park is right in the center of the city, and South Park is next to the National Palace of Culture. One of Sofias favorite spots for both visitors and residents is Vitosha Boulevard. [46] The record snow depth is 57cm (22.4in) (25 December 2001). The 126-metre (413ft) Capital Fort Business Centre is the first skyscraper in Bulgaria, with its 36 floors. Among its highlights is the Alexander Nevsky Cathedral, one of the symbols of Bulgaria, constructed in the late 19th century. The author outlines specific aspects of system implementation, automation, monitoring, and evaluation of OJC systems. Thus, Sofia became the first capital on the world to be overflown by enemy aircraft.[114]. The Edict implicitly granted Christianity the status of "religio licita", a worship recognised and accepted by the Roman Empire. [171] Services dominate the economy, accounting for 88.6% of the gross value added, followed by industry 11.3% and agriculture 0.1%.[169][172]. [196] As of 2012[update], the system has 39km (24mi) of track. Sofia also connects The Near East and The Middle East, lying between the banks of the Danube and the shores of the White Sea on the one hand, and between the Black Sea and the Adriatic on the other. It is situated in western Bulgaria, at the northern foot of the Vitosha mountain, in the Sofia Valley that is surrounded by the Balkan mountains to the north. Inmate Detail - CANO-CIFUENTES, JUAN LUIS. [101] Additionally, there were fountains and hammams (bathhouses). Cyril and Methodius National Library, the foremost information repository in the country, holds some 1,800,000 books and more than 7,000,000 documents, manuscripts, maps and other items.[151]. Founded thousands of years ago, today the city continues to develop as the country's cultural and economic center. The venue was inaugurated on 30 July 2011, and the first event it hosted was a friendly volleyball match between Bulgaria and Serbia. In 1382, the city fell to the Ottomans. [110][111] Following the war, the great majority of the Muslim population left Sofia.[101]. The Saint Sofia Basilica, founded during the reign of Justinian (reign 527-565), is one of the oldest churches in the capital. Inmate Behavior Management: The Key to a Safe and Secure Jail Issues in Jail Operations, 2003: Perspectives from State Jail Inspection Agencies Jails Division Objective Jail Classification Systems: A Guide for Jail Administrators Resource Guide for Jail Administrators Women in Jail: Classification Issues The city produced multicolored sgraffito ceramics, jewelry and ironware. The Vitosha Nature Park (the oldest national park in the Balkans)[118] includes most of Vitosha mountain and covers an area of 266 square kilometres (103sqmi),[119] with roughly half of it lying within the municipality of Sofia. As the city grew outwards, the then-new neighbourhoods were dominated by many concrete tower blocks, prefabricated panel apartment buildings and examples of Brutalist architecture. [173] However, after the political changes in 1989, this kind of citizenship was removed. The city receives an average precipitation of 625.7mm (24.63in) a year, reaching its peak in late spring and early summer when thunderstorms are common. The oldest church in Sofia is the Saint George Rotunda. From 1530 to 1836, Sofia was the regional capital of Rumelia Eyalet, the Ottoman Empire's key province in Europe. The city houses many cultural institutes such as the Russian Cultural Institute, the Polish Cultural Institute, the Hungarian Institute, the Czech and the Slovak Cultural Institutes, the Italian Cultural Institute, Confucius Institute, Institut Franais, Goethe Institut, British Council and Instituto Cervantes which regularly organise temporary expositions of visual, sound and literary works by artists from their respective countries. According to the census, 1,056,738 citizens (87.9%) are recorded as ethnic Bulgarians, 17,550 (1.5%) as Romani, 6,149 (0.5%) as Turks, 9,569 (0.8%) belonged to other ethnic groups, 6,993 (0.6%) do not self-identify and 105,762 (8.8%) remained with undeclared affiliation. Sofia concentrates the majority of Bulgaria's leading performing arts troupes. [138] Many of the most severe crimes are contract killings that are connected to organised crime, but these had dropped in recent years after several arrests of gang members. [112], In the Second Balkan War, Bulgaria was fighting alone practically all of its neighbouring countries. On average, Sofia receives a total snowfall of 96cm (37.8in) and 57 days with snow cover. Booking Date 1/6/2023 4:12 PM; Release Date; Scheduled Release Date; Prisoner Type Pretrial Inmate; Classification VG3; Housing Facility Jefferson County Jail - Birmingham; Total Bond Amount; Total Bail Amount $0.00; Booking Origin . We provide training, technical assistance, and information resources on all phases of new-jail planning. [203] Consequently, traffic and air pollution problems have become more severe and receive regular criticism in local media. Following the defeat of the crusader forces in 1444, the city's Christians faced persecution. It was the first edict legalising Christianity, preceding the Edict of Milan by two years. [23] It was Europe's most affordable capital to visit in 2013. ", National Statistical Institute of Bulgaria, "Sofia Council - 2019-2023", ":: 27 2019", "The party of Kuneva overcomes the falsified ballots with machines", "Escaped from Arena Armeets tell about the nightmare", "The head of the electoral commission in Sofia is resigning at the request of Borissov", " :: 2015", " ? Sofias parks are a favorite place for rest and recreation. "[102], From the 14th century till the 19th century Sofia was an important administrative center in the Ottoman Empire. [122] Districts and settlements have their own governor who is elected in a popular election. This web site uses cookies. The city center contains many remains of ancient Serdica that have been excavated and are on public display, including Complex Ancient Serdica, eastern gate, western gate, city walls, thermal baths, 4th c. church of St. George Rotunda, amphitheatre of Serdica, the tombs and basilicas under the basilica of St. Sophia. It was the capital of the important Sanjak of Sofia as well, including the whole of Thrace with Plovdiv and Edirne, and part of Macedonia with Thessaloniki and Skopje. The Boyana Film studios was at the centre of a once-thriving domestic film industry, which declined significantly after 1990. [25], The population of Sofia declined from 70,000 in the late 18th century, through 19,000 in 1870, to 11,649 in 1878, after which it began increasing. Level 1 - The lowest security level in the classification system. [82] The inscription and Dio Cassius told that the Roman general Crassus subdued the Serdi and behanded the captives. The ratio of women per 1,000 men was 1,102. FAQs| OFFENDER SEARCH |CONTACT | MEDIA, 4545 Fisher Road, Suite D, Columbus, OH 43228, History of assaultive, violent, or disruptive behavior, Type of sentencing and release eligibility, Previous adjustment at less restrictive security levels, Security Classificationfor Incarcerated Persons Levels1-4 (53-CLS-01), Outside Worker Approval Process(53-CLS-03), Incarcerated Individual Separations(53-CLS-05), Interstate Corrections Compact(53-CLS-07), Construction, Activation, Maintenance and Sustainability, Incarcerated Individual Security Classification Level 4 and Protective Control (PC) at OSP (53-CLS-06), Incarcerated IndividualRequested Inter-Institution Transfers, Classification/Release of Protective Control (PC) Incarcerated Persons (53-CLS-11). The Parliament Building, Monument to the Liberator (in honor of the Russian Tsar Alexander II, who was instrumental in freeing Bulgaria from Ottoman rule), and the campus of Sofia University Saint Kliment Ohradski are three more of the citys major symbols. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Weather can be very unstable and dynamic with sudden significant temperature amplitudes. Objective jail classification (OJC) is a process of assessing every jail inmate's custody and program needs and is considered one of the most important management tools available to jail administrators and criminal justice system planners. The origin is in the Greek word sophia () "wisdom". Cookie information is stored in your browser and performs functions such as recognising you when you return to our website and helping our team to understand which sections of the website you find most interesting and useful. At the beginning of the 9th century, the Bulgarian Han Krum (reign 803-814) invaded Serdika. Aleko is at an altitude of 1,800 meters, and its slopes face north. A number of ancient Roman, Byzantine and medieval Bulgarian buildings are preserved in the centre of the city. As a consequence of the bombings thousands of buildings were destroyed or damaged including the Capital Library and thousands of books. The crypt of the Alexander Nevsky cathedral is another branch of the National Gallery. 78", " - 01.1887 - 12.2007", "Weather Sofia Monthly Weather History- freemeteo.bg", ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/RA-VI/BU/15614.TXT, "Weather Sofia Daily Weather History| freemeteo.bg", "Sofia, Bulgaria - Detailed climate information and monthly weather forecast", "Air pollution in Sofia, other Bulgarian cities hugely exceeded norms several times this winter", "Bulgaria's Air Is Dirtiest in Europe, Study Finds, Followed by Poland", "Bulgaria: Bad air quality in Sofia on January 6 2018", "Sofia Municipal Council Adopted Measures to Tackle Air Pollution", "Brussels: Sofia has no projects targeting air pollution standartnews.com", "Odrysian Kingdom - the first country on the Balkans", " 24.04.2016 9:331205 ", "Dio, Roman History, Book 51, chapter 25", "Trakiia 12 41- "Da diese mit ihrem blinden Knig Siras verbndete der Rmer waren ergab dies den Vorwand fr den Kriegszug von Crassus. Multinationals with major research, development, innovation and engineering centers in Sofia include the second largest global IT center of Coca-Cola,[175] Ubisoft,[176] Hewlett-Packard,[177] VMware,[178] Robert Bosch GmbH,[179] Financial Times,[180] Experian, etc. [174] The IT sector is highly diverse and includes both multinational corporations, local companies and start-ups. There were 3,162 theatric performances with 570,568 people attending in 2014. [210] More than 20,000 students[211] study in its 16 faculties. [166] In 2015, Forbes listed Sofia as one of the top 10 places in the world to launch a startup business, because of the low corporate tax (10%), the fast internet connection speeds available one of the fastest in the world, and the presence of several investment funds, including Eleven Startup Accelerator, LAUNCHub and Neveq. For Constantine the Great it was 'Sardica mea Roma est' (Serdica is my Rome). The common head of Sofia Municipality and all the 38 settlements is the mayor of Sofia. [75] Particulates are now largely measured by a network of 300 sensors maintained by volunteers since 2017. One year later, in 1880, it was the fifth-largest city in the country after Plovdiv, Varna, Ruse and Shumen. In 1879 there was a dispute about what the name of the new Bulgarian capital should be, when the citizens created a committee of famous people, insisting for the Slavic name. Gradually, a compromise arose, officialisation of Sofia for the nationwide institutions, while legitimating the title Sredets for the administrative and church institutions, before the latter was abandoned through the years.[39]. [68] Solid fuel used for heating and motor vehicle traffic are significant sources of pollutants. "The Cambridge Ancient History", Volume 3, Part 2: Mihailov, G., Thracians, Sofia, 1972, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, quote in Bulgarian: . 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